An Overview of Atrial Fibrillation
什么是心房纤维颤动 (Atrial Fibrillation)?
心房纤维颤动是心律失常的表现.
Atrial Fibrillation is also called A-fib or atrial fib. This is an abnormal heart rhythm.
The heart's rhythm is controlled by electrical signals in the heart. The sinus node sends electrical signals to the rest of the heart. These signals cause the heart to contract and pump blood. Normally, the heart contracts and relaxes at a regular rate.
With atrial fib, the sinus node does not start the electrical signal. Signals come from other spots in the right or left atrium. This cause the heart to beat irregularly and at times very fast.
Normal heart rate for an adult is between 60 and 100 beats every minute.
Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation:
1. Feeling over -tired or not having energy (most common)
2. Having a pulse that is faster than normal or one that changes between fast and slow
3. Being short of breath
4. Experiencing heart palpitations (feeling like heart is racing, pounding or fluttering)
5. Having trouble with everyday exercises or activities
6. Experiencing pain, pressure, tightness, or discomfort in chest
7. Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
8. Fainting
9. Having to use the bathroom more often (increased urination)
Atrial Fibrillation is not dangerous; However, if left untreated, the side effects of Atrial Fibrillation can be life-threatening.
When the atria fibrillating, the flow of blood to the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricle) is slowed, which increases the risk of a blood clot forming.
If a blood clot were to break loose, it could result in a stroke or a heart attack. Without treatment, Atrial Fibrillation can also cause the ventricles to beat too fast. Over time, this can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart failure.
是不是老了，就一定会生病？
人必须经历生，老，病，死这四个阶段吗？
有时候，一个人生病并非他（她）所想要的．
生病，别无选择．只能怪自身的免疫力弱．
生病，或属突发状况．没的怨天尤人．
最近，外婆的身体出现了少许的小毛病．．．
不知怎么了，她人也不见的开心．．．
或许，忧愁，惊吓，担忧，受惊把她老人家的身子给弄垮了．
前阵子，还没新年前夕，外婆总投诉头晕晕，没力气．
原本在那Klinik Lim 看诊也似乎没好转，药儿吃了也没起色．
机缘巧合下，当妈咪带著外婆去理发店理发时，巧遇一位aunty介绍了一位有口皆碑的医生［好像是雷医生］．（因为那aunty 的丈夫也是这医生妙手回春把她先生救了一命）既然如此，妈咪就带著外婆往这医生的诊所看诊．
医生为外婆做了心电图，也抽血化验．
报告出来后，说外婆的心跳太快，且不很规律，担心往后会得中风的巴仙率很高．
当妈咪向本女王说的时候，本女王忍着痛，泪水往下掉．这．．．这怎么可能！！！
外婆对本女王来说：就像是心肝宝贝．外婆心地善良，慷慨解囊且和蔼可亲，无论是对自己的内孙或外孙，都一视同仁．
就在新年其间，外婆因身体非常虚弱，进院了．
妈咪，外公，舅母轮流在医院照顾外婆．
身为外孙的本女王，不知道要怎么帮得上忙来，唯有默默祈祷外婆快点好起来．
后来，妈咪因为在医院照顾外婆，夜晚时发现外婆的手紧抓床边的钢架，觉得外婆应该之前被惊吓得不轻微，所以造成生病的原因之一．
年初五时，本女王和妈咪到观音庙里拜拜．妈咪为外婆点亮了一盏莲花灯（明亮之灯），也为外婆求来了平安附，好让外婆求个安心．
愿外婆身体安康，笑口常开，药到病除！
Anticoagulant Medication to Reduce Stroke Risk:
1. Vitamin K antagonists
*** Warfarin (Coumadin)
2. Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
*** Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
3. Factor Xa Inhibitors
*** Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) & Apixaban (Eliquis)
Pradaxa, drug: dabigatran etexilate mesylate
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a an anticoagulant, a direct thrombin inhibitor.
*** Thrombin is an enzyme needed for clots to form. By stopping thrombin, the clotting process is interrupted. ***
Blood clots are the leading cause of AFib-related strokes
For people with atrial fibrillation, or AFib, not caused by a heart valve problem, PRADAXA reduces the risk of a blood clot forming in the heart abd traveling to the brain, where it can cause a stroke. A stroke caused by a blood clot that reduces blood flow is called an ischemic stoke.
How clots can form?
* When your heart beats irregularly, it doesn't pump blood as effectively as it should
* This can cause blood to pool in the upper chambers of your heart (called the atria)
*This pooling can cause a clot to form in your heart
* A clot in your heart can break away and travel directly to your brain. There, it can block an artery and cause a stroke.
How PRADAXA helps stop clots from forming in your heart?
* PRADAXA is a type of medicine known as a direct thrombin inhibitor
* PRADAXA works by attaching itself to thrombin - the blood's central clotting agent. This reduces the ability of the thrombin to form a clot. That is why it is so important that you keep taking PRADAXA exactly as prescribed by doctor. Stopping PRADAXA increases the risk of having a stroke or forming blood clots.
* In a clinical trial, PRADAXA was proven superiror to warfarin at reducing risk of stroke in patients with AFib not caused by a heart valve problem.
More reading from PRADAXA website:
https://www.pradaxa.com/afib-risk-of-stroke
Blood clots are the leading cause of AFib-related strokes
For people with atrial fibrillation, or AFib, not caused by a heart valve problem, PRADAXA reduces the risk of a blood clot forming in the heart abd traveling to the brain, where it can cause a stroke. A stroke caused by a blood clot that reduces blood flow is called an ischemic stoke.
How clots can form?
* When your heart beats irregularly, it doesn't pump blood as effectively as it should
* This can cause blood to pool in the upper chambers of your heart (called the atria)
*This pooling can cause a clot to form in your heart
* A clot in your heart can break away and travel directly to your brain. There, it can block an artery and cause a stroke.
How PRADAXA helps stop clots from forming in your heart?
* PRADAXA is a type of medicine known as a direct thrombin inhibitor
* PRADAXA works by attaching itself to thrombin - the blood's central clotting agent. This reduces the ability of the thrombin to form a clot. That is why it is so important that you keep taking PRADAXA exactly as prescribed by doctor. Stopping PRADAXA increases the risk of having a stroke or forming blood clots.
* In a clinical trial, PRADAXA was proven superiror to warfarin at reducing risk of stroke in patients with AFib not caused by a heart valve problem.
More reading from PRADAXA website:
https://www.pradaxa.com/afib-risk-of-stroke
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